Planing-machine



UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.

G. W. TOLHURST, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

j PLANING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,666, `dated January 20, 1852.

T0 @ZZ whom t may concern: j

Be it known that I, G. W. ToLI-IURST, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio,.have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Planing-Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andeXact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part thereof, in which- Figure l, represents a side view o-f two of the cutters. Fig. 2, represents a front end view of the same. Fig. 3, represents a rear end view. Fig. 4L, represents a view of the bottom of the cutter stock and, Fig. 5, represents one of the pla-ne irons.

Similar letters in the several resent the same Parts. j

The nature of my invention consists in so hanging the cutter stocks on spring or weighted levers, and the plates on the bottoms thereof, the-heels of which plates form one side of the throat to the succeeding cutter, as that when a board becomes broken, and one piece overrides the other by the feeding in of the next board, or when splinters or loose knots are torn from the boards, both of which accidents are liable to happen, that they may be allowed to pass out through the throat, instead of being driven fart-her into the machine, and so that when the heel of the stock yields or raises up to allow any such material'to pass out which would otherwise break up the machine, it will be at the same time thrown forward and elevated, thus partially closing the preceding thro-at, and giving 'to its cutter a more acute angle figures repi without changing the rankness of its hold on the board, both of which operations tend to preserve the same thickness of the shaving, and prevent damage to the machine.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to de- .scribe the same with reference to the drawings.

The boards, plank, or other material to be operated upon, may be introduced in any of the -well known ways of feeding in the same to elastic cutters. The bed plate A, should be substantially constructed of wood or metal, and is surrounded by an adjustable metallic frame B, which may have any suitable number of inclined planes C, cut or otherwise made therein, which rest upon pins or projections D, arrangedin or secured to the bed plate. The cutter stocks cut-ter stocks `E, are hung, have one of' their ends secured to the bed plate by screw bolts I, upon which they may freely turn or move, and at their other ends are arranged the helical springs J, for the purpose of holding down the cutter stocks E, on the frame B, said cutter stocks being also attached to the said arms or levers H, by means of the screw bolts K.

Underneath the cutter stock, is hung a metallic plate L, which is secured to said stock by means of set screws a, passing through slots Z), (Fig. 4) said plates extending in rear of the heel of the stock, far enough to form one side of the throat for the succeeding cutter as seen in Fig. l. In the rear of said plate L, are two holes c, 0, through which pass two pins i (as seen in Figs. l, 3,) and which pins when the stock is raised up and thrown forward, holds said plate in its place (the slots b, admitting of this arrangement) while the cutters which form the other side of the throat may advance, thus partially closing the throat, which together with the elevating of the cutter so as to form a more acute angle with the board or plank, tends to reduce the thickness of any loose and detached pieces of the board which may pass out during the operation of planing, and prevent the breaking up of the machine.

In order that any desired inclination may be given to the cutter, which it is found advantageous to vary when changing from dry to green or unseasoned lumber, I have arranged a set screw M, to each ofthe stocks, which passes through a` nut N, attached to said stock, the lower end of said set screw resting against the plate L, so that the stock and cutter may be raised while the plate L, continues to rest on the frame B. These set screws may be arranged so as to move the whole u,series of cutters at once, by connecting with them a shaft with beveled gearing, but it may be found desirable to set the reducing cutters at a greater or less angle with the plank, than the smoothing cutters, and for this purpose are represented as de-l tached.

The reducing cutters O, are formed of a series of gouge shaped cutters, and that the ridges left by the first series, may be removed before the plank comes to the smoothing cutters, another series of gouge cut-ters may be placed in rear of the first set, so as to take off a shaving between the cuts of the preceding reducing cutter.

The cutters c (Fig. 5) are made 0f Shear steel plates, of an uniform thickness, by which means they can be more evenly tempered, and are permanently held between two guard plates f, g. This form of cutter is very easily sharpened, there being so little of the plate to be ground, while the guard plates each side of it, give it su'icie-nt rigidity to withstand the feeding force of The ends of the spiral springs J, should be so attached to the stock, as to be readily loosened for the purpose of raising up and cleansing the edges of the cutters of the gum and small fibers of wood which attach to them, and indent the surface of the board. When the spiral springs are unhooked, the cutter may be raised up to about the position shown by the red lines at P, Fig. l. The

red lines at Q, Fig. l, represent the position of the stock and cutter when forced up to allow broken or detached pieces of the board to pass through the throat, and the closing of the throat in advance of such cutter. If desired, a tonguing and grooving apparatus may be attached to t-he rear of the machine, so as to plane, tongue and groove at the same operation.

Having thus fully described my invention, I would state that I am aware that the stocks and cut-ters of planing machines have been made to yield upon an aXle the center of which is in line with the cutting edgel of the knife. This I do not claim, but- What I do claim and desire to secure -by Letters Patent, is-

Hanging the stock at a line above the edge of the cutter, to a' spring or weighted lever, in the manner described, in combination with the resting of the front part of the stock upon a fixed surface, so that when the back part of the stock is made to rise the whole stock is thrown forward and upward; thus keeping the edge of the cutter at the same level notwithstanding the change in its angle with the bed.

G. W. TOLHURST.

Witnesses:

T. C. DoNN, A. B. SToUGHToN. 

